MBBR處理某水廠微污染水硝化性能研究
韓文杰,劉凱,楊曉美,劉宜龍,蘇丹丹,吳迪
(青島思普潤水處理股份有限公司,山東 青島 266510)
摘要:對移動床生物膜反應(yīng)器(MBBR)工藝應(yīng)用于河道微污染水進(jìn)行了研究,生化段采用“6段式MBBR生物氧化池”的處理工藝。結(jié)果表明,氨氮、COD去除率分別達(dá)到57.43%、20.27%,出水水質(zhì)穩(wěn)定達(dá)到GB3838-2002地表III類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),且同步硝化反硝化(SND)脫氮占比7.97%。 對懸浮載體進(jìn)行高氨氮含量(質(zhì)量濃度7 mg·L-1)水質(zhì)硝化試驗,最大氨氮容積負(fù)荷65 g/(m3·d)。MBBR 懸浮載體生物膜硝化優(yōu)勢菌門為Proteobacteria,相對豐度平均為 55.40%,反硝化細(xì)菌相對豐度平均為13.36%,為系統(tǒng)SND現(xiàn)象提供微觀證明,系統(tǒng)中存在較高豐度可降解難降解有機(jī)物的菌屬,為微污染水出水COD穩(wěn)定達(dá)標(biāo)提供了保障。MBBR工藝占地小,可篩選和專性富集微生物,適用于處理微污染水體。
關(guān)鍵字:預(yù)處理;MBBR;低氨氮微污染水;硝化;懸浮載體;菌群富集;
Study on nitrification performance of MBBR Process in treatment of micro polluted water
HAN Wenjie, LIU Kai, YANG Xiaomei, LIU Yilong, SU Dandan, WU Di
(Qingdao Spring Water Treatment Co., Ltd, Qingdao 266510, China)
Abstract: The effect of the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process to the micro-polluted water in the river was studied, and the biological tankadopted the treatment process of 'six-stage MBBR biological oxidation'. The results showed that, the NH4+-N and COD removal rates reached 57.43%and 20.27% respectively, the effluent quality reached the surface water class III standard of GB 38382002, and the simultaneous nitrification anddenitrification (SND) ratio was 7.97%. Nitrification test of high NH4+-N content (mass concentration was 7 mg/L) for suspended carrier was carried out,and the maximum NH4+-N volume load was 65 g/(m3·d). Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in the biofilm of the suspended carrier, with an average relative abundance of 55.40%, the average relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria was 13.36%, which provided a microscopic guarantee for the occurrence of the SND. The system had a high abundance of bacteria that could degrade the refractory organic matter, which provided a guarantee for the stable COD of micro polluted water to reach the standard. MBBR process occupies less space, it can be screened and specialized for enrichment of microorganisms, and is suitable for treating micro-polluted water. Nitrification test of high matrix (NH4+-N 7 mg·L-1) for suspended carrier was carried out, and the maximum volume load is 0.065 kgNH4+-N(m3·d)-1. The results of microbial assay showed that Proteobacteria is the dominant phylum in the biofilm of the suspended carrier, with an abundance of 55.40% on the suspended carrier, the proportion of denitrifying bacteria on the suspended carrier is 13.36%, which provides a microscopic guarantee for the occurrence of the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). The system has a high abundance of bacteria that can degrade the refractory organic matter, which provides a guarantee for the stable COD concentration of micro polluted water to reach the standard. MBBR process occupies less space, it can be screened and specialized for enrichment of microorganisms, and is suitable for treating micro-polluted water.
Keywords: Pretreatment; MBBR; micro-polluted water with low ammonia nitrogen; nitrification; suspension carrier; bacterial enrichment
引言
河道水源污染問題成為近期全民關(guān)注的焦點。水利部 2003 年在全國開展了水資源質(zhì)量評價,結(jié)果表明 38.2%水體已喪失使用價值[1]。生物凈化利用了微生物自身代謝消耗功能,憑借其能耗低、投資省、處理效果明顯的優(yōu)點,在國內(nèi)外得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用[2]。日本廣島通過向排水渠中布設(shè)細(xì)繩狀生物懸浮載體進(jìn)行微污染水處理項目,COD、SS的去除率分別達(dá)到 2%~32%和 16%~53%[1]。國內(nèi)徐斌等為考察移動床生物膜反應(yīng)器(MBBR)對黃浦江微污染水的預(yù)處理效果而進(jìn)行了中試,結(jié)果顯示,懸浮載體最大硝化容積負(fù)荷達(dá) 72 g/(m3·d)[3]。李璐等利用生物接觸氧化工藝及分段進(jìn)水生物接觸氧化工藝對河道微污染水進(jìn)行了處理,COD 去除率在 50%左右[4-5]。以 MBBR 為代表的生物接觸氧化技術(shù)應(yīng)用于微污染河水凈化受到了越來越多的關(guān)注[6]。
江蘇某自來水廠,設(shè)計取水量 300×103 m3/d,沿線農(nóng)業(yè)面源、城鎮(zhèn)化、工業(yè)化發(fā)展使得水源地水質(zhì)污染嚴(yán)重,污染物負(fù)荷超出其環(huán)境承載能力,原水呈現(xiàn)有機(jī)物污染特征,主要表現(xiàn)在COD 和NH4+-N 的質(zhì)量濃度等污染指標(biāo)季節(jié)性分別高達(dá)9 mg/L和1.8 mg/L,無法達(dá)到自來水廠規(guī)定的進(jìn)水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。2015年,該市提出利用現(xiàn)有棄土區(qū)和農(nóng)田建設(shè)飲用水安全工程,新建原水預(yù)處理廠以改善原水水質(zhì),使原水COD、NH4+-N 指標(biāo)達(dá)到GB 3838-2002的地表水III類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以滿足自來水廠的進(jìn)水水質(zhì)要求[7]。
本研究針對江蘇某原水預(yù)處理項目,考察了MBBR 工藝應(yīng)用于河道微污染水的處理效果,以期為眾多微污染水處理項目在工藝選擇及運行指導(dǎo)上提供參考。
1 工藝流程選擇
本項目的重點在于保證COD及NH4+-N含量的達(dá)標(biāo),工藝選擇極為重要。針對COD的去除,傳統(tǒng)的給水處理工藝(混凝、沉淀和過濾)在保證飲用水水質(zhì)方面起到了重要作用,主要是去除相對分子質(zhì)量大于10×106以上的有機(jī)物,對低分子量有機(jī)物去除率較低,特別是對于相對分子質(zhì)量小于0.5×106的有機(jī)物,幾乎沒有去除能力。生物氧化法借助微生物群體的新陳代謝活動,可去除傳統(tǒng)處理工藝不能有效去除的低分子量有機(jī)物污染物,對提高整個給水處理工藝對有機(jī)物的去除效果有著重要意義,成為傳統(tǒng)飲用水處理方法的重要補(bǔ)充。
針對NH4+-N的去除工藝主要有4種:氨吹脫、折點加氯、選擇性離子交換、生物硝化和反硝化。目前多采用生物硝化法,涉及工藝主要有傳統(tǒng)活性污泥法和生物接觸氧化,MBBR工藝兼具2種工藝的優(yōu)點而成為一種新型、高效的復(fù)合工藝,因而在微污染水的處理上極具潛力,且生物脫氮成本較低,是飲用水水處理過程中去除NH4+-N的主要手段。利用MBBR 純膜工藝處理河道中微量NH4+-N,可保障出水穩(wěn)定達(dá)標(biāo)。