中國(guó)給水排水 2021中國(guó)污水資源化利用大會(huì) 0603.doc
中國(guó)給水排水2021年中國(guó)污水處理廠提標(biāo)改造(污水處理提質(zhì)增效)高級(jí)研討會(huì)0603.docx
中國(guó)給水排水2021年中國(guó)排水管網(wǎng)水環(huán)境大會(huì)0603.docx
純膜MBBR工藝處理微污染水工程啟動(dòng)研究
韓文杰,周家中,王忠祥,時(shí)丹,劉凱,周宸宇,吳迪
(1.青島思普潤(rùn)水處理股份有限公司 山東 青島 266510)
摘要:為研究純膜MBBR工藝用于微污染水處理的工程啟動(dòng)過(guò)程,采用兩級(jí)純膜MBBR工藝處理低基質(zhì)河道水,研究了啟動(dòng)過(guò)程生物膜硝化性能,并同步分析了生物膜厚度、生物量變化以及微生物種群變化情況。結(jié)果顯示,采用MBBR工藝處理微污染水,在冬季最不利水溫條件下不接種污泥原水啟動(dòng),經(jīng)歷10天系統(tǒng)調(diào)試成功,出水氨氮開(kāi)始穩(wěn)定達(dá)標(biāo),一二級(jí)MBBR區(qū)出水氨氮分別為1.35±0.38mg/L、0.43±0.15mg/L,系統(tǒng)氨氮去除率達(dá)到88.98±3.03%,一二級(jí)容積負(fù)荷分別為0.182±0.026kgN/m3/d和0.066±0.020kgN/m3/d;同時(shí),系統(tǒng)具有一定的COD去除效果,相比進(jìn)水,出水中DOM組分增加了富里酸類(lèi)物質(zhì);啟動(dòng)過(guò)程中,負(fù)荷增長(zhǎng)至14天達(dá)到穩(wěn)定,生物膜生物量增長(zhǎng)滯后于負(fù)荷增長(zhǎng),并于28d達(dá)到穩(wěn)定,一二級(jí)生物量分別為2.66±0.36g/m2和2.14±0.19g/m2,對(duì)應(yīng)生物膜厚度分別達(dá)到174±33um、136±30um;生物膜負(fù)荷具有一定余量,能夠抵抗進(jìn)水負(fù)荷沖擊;啟動(dòng)階段,生物膜物種豐富度于21d基本達(dá)到穩(wěn)定,一級(jí)生物膜的物種豐富度、物種分布的均勻程度高于二級(jí)生物膜,具有更高的物種多樣性;生物膜中優(yōu)勢(shì)微生物主要有Nitrospira、Hyphomicrobium、Nitrosomonas、Kouleothrix、Pedomicrobium、Pedobacter等,其中硝化菌群Nitrospira在一二級(jí)生物膜中相對(duì)豐度達(dá)到8.48-13.60%、6.48-9.27%,Nitrosomonas在一二級(jí)生物膜中相對(duì)豐度達(dá)到2.89-5.64%,0.00-3.48%,而Hyphomicrobium和Pedomicrobium等菌屬的存在可能與進(jìn)水中芳香烴類(lèi)DOM的轉(zhuǎn)化有關(guān)。采用MBBR工藝處理微污染水,通過(guò)在已有絮凝沉淀池內(nèi)鑲嵌懸浮載體系統(tǒng),強(qiáng)化氨氮處理效果,工程驗(yàn)證技術(shù)路線可行,且啟動(dòng)周期短,處理效果穩(wěn)定,可為微污染水旁位處理提供技術(shù)思路。
關(guān)鍵詞:純膜MBBR;懸浮載體;微污染水;硝化;生物量;生物膜厚度;高通量測(cè)序
Research on Start-up of Pure MBBR Process for Micro-polluted Water Treatment
HAN Wen-jie, ZHOU Jia-zhong, WANG Zhong-xiang, SHI Dan, LIU Kai, ZHOU Chen-yu, WU Di
(Qingdao Spring Water Treatment Co.Ltd., Qingdao 266555,China)
Abstract:In order to research the start-up process of pure-MBBR Process for micro-polluted water treatment, two-stage pure MBBR was used to treat low substrate river water. The nitrification performance of biofilm during the start-up process was studied, and the changes of biofilm thickness, biomass and microbial population were analyzed simultaneously. The results showed that under the most unfavorable temperature in winter, the effluent ammonia began to reach the standard after 10 days without inoculation of sludge, and the effluent ammonia nitrogen of the first and second level MBBR area was 1.35±0.38mg/L、0.43±15 mg/L, the corresponding loads of the first and second MBBR aera was 0.182±0.026kgN/m3/d and 0.066±0.020kgN/m3/d respectively. At the same time, the system has a certain COD removal effect, compared with the influent, the DOM component in the effluent increases the fulvic acid substances. During the start-up process, the nitrification load growth was stable in 14 days, the growth of biofilm biomass lagged behind the nitrification load growth, and reached stability in 28 days, the biomass of the first and second MBBR aera was 2.66±0.36 g/m2 and 2.14±0.19 g/m2 respectively, the corresponding biofilm thickness reached 174±33um、136±30um,respectivly.Teh biofilm has light impact resistance. The species richness of biofilm reached a stable level in 21 days. The species richness and species distribution uniformity of biofilm in the first MBBR aera was higher than those of second MBBR aera, with higher species diversity. The dominant microorganisms in biofilm were Nitrospira, Hypomicrobium, Nitrosomonas, Kouleothrix, Pedomicrobium, Pedobacter, etc. the relative abundance of Nitrospira in the first and second MBBR biofilm was 8.48-13.60% and 6.48-9.27%, respectivly. The relative abundance of Nitrosomonas in the first and second MBBR biofilm was 2.89-5.64%, 0.00-3.48%, respectivly. However, the presence of bacteria such as Hyphomicrobium and Pedomicrobium may be related to the transformation of DOM in influent. MBBR process is used to treat micro polluted water. By embedding suspended carrier system in the existing flocculation sedimentation tank, the ammonia nitrogen treatment effect is strengthened. The engineering verification shows that the technical route is feasible, the start-up period is short, and the treatment effect is stable. It can provide technical ideas for micro-polluted water treatment.
Key words:Pure-MBBR;Suspended carrier;Micro-polluted water;Nitrification;Biomass;Biofilm thickness;High throughput sequencing
微污染水,即受到輕度污染的自然水體,其物理、化學(xué)和微生物指標(biāo)已不能達(dá)到《地面水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中的水質(zhì)要求,多數(shù)情況涉及氨氮和CODMn的微量污染。由于其污染濃度不高,水質(zhì)一般低于GB18918-2002中一級(jí)B或A標(biāo)準(zhǔn),若采用傳統(tǒng)方法處理難以有效富集活性污泥,因此多采用生物膜法處理。早先,固定床類(lèi)生物膜法得以應(yīng)用,如曝氣生物濾池、生物接觸氧化等,但存在水頭損失高、濾料結(jié)團(tuán)堵塞、反沖洗后影響處理效果穩(wěn)定性等問(wèn)題[1][2],應(yīng)用受到限制。移動(dòng)床生物膜反應(yīng)器(MBBR)在污水處理領(lǐng)域廣泛應(yīng)用,其在微污染水領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用亦受到關(guān)注。與市政污水應(yīng)用的MBBR形式不同,微污染水基于生物膜,稱(chēng)之為純膜MBBR工藝(Pure MBBR)。目前,在效果驗(yàn)證方面,徐斌等[3]在以MBBR工藝處理黃浦江微污染水的中試試驗(yàn)中,驗(yàn)證了低進(jìn)水基質(zhì)下MBBR能夠展現(xiàn)出良好的硝化性能,在進(jìn)水氨氮和CODMn分別為0.65-3.05mg/L、5.9-6.3mg/L的基礎(chǔ)上,氨氮和CODMn去除率均值分別為61.0%、5.05%;施東文等[4]應(yīng)用MBBR中試處理黃河中下游微污染水,在進(jìn)水氨氮和CODMn分別為為0.15-0.76mg/L、3.32-4.81mg/L的基礎(chǔ)上,氨氮和CODMn去除率均值分別可達(dá)54.8%、10.4%;左倬等[5]在研究以MBBR中試去除鹽龍湖原水中氮磷時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),在進(jìn)水氨氮平均濃度為0.41mg/L的基礎(chǔ)上,出水降至0.12mg/L,核算平均氨氮去除率為64.4%。工程應(yīng)用方面,熊水應(yīng)等[6]在處理京杭古運(yùn)河原水過(guò)程中應(yīng)用純膜MBBR工藝,處理規(guī)模15萬(wàn)t/d,在原水氨氮濃度0.86-2.91mg/L的基礎(chǔ)上,MBBR池出水氨氮濃度可降至0.15-0.90mg/L之間,平均氨氮去除率在77%左右,出水全年穩(wěn)定達(dá)標(biāo);周正興等[7]在江蘇某自來(lái)水廠提標(biāo)改造項(xiàng)目中利用MBBR工藝處理微污染河道水,處理規(guī)模30萬(wàn)t/d,在進(jìn)水氨氮和CODMn均值分別為1.01mg/L、7.4mg/L的基礎(chǔ)上,氨氮及CODMn去除率分別可達(dá)57.43%、20.30%,出水穩(wěn)定達(dá)標(biāo)。綜上,當(dāng)前針對(duì)MBBR工藝處理微污染水的報(bào)道多局限于中試試驗(yàn),實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用報(bào)道較少,而僅有的工程應(yīng)用也主要關(guān)注運(yùn)行效果,針對(duì)MBBR啟動(dòng)過(guò)程中懸浮載體掛膜及影響因素研究少有報(bào)道。
本文主要針對(duì)MBBR工藝應(yīng)用于河道水脫氨的工程效果,研究了啟動(dòng)和運(yùn)行階段懸浮載體硝化性能及其生物膜生物量和微生物組成變化,彌補(bǔ)MBBR工藝處理微污染水啟動(dòng)過(guò)程研究的缺失,為MBBR應(yīng)用于微污染水處理提供理論和調(diào)試依據(jù)。
1 項(xiàng)目簡(jiǎn)介
廣東某水質(zhì)凈化廠,設(shè)計(jì)水量為260萬(wàn)m3/d,處理水體為微污染河道水,共分為兩期,水量均為130萬(wàn)m3/d。水廠原處理工藝為單級(jí)混凝工藝,對(duì)進(jìn)水中的TP、SS、COD去除效果較好,但對(duì)氨氮幾乎沒(méi)有處理能力;為響應(yīng)政府河道水治理號(hào)召,強(qiáng)化水廠對(duì)氨氮的處理能力,采用純膜MBBR對(duì)水廠進(jìn)行改造,切割39%混凝沉淀區(qū)并鑲嵌MBBR工藝包形成MBBR區(qū),MBBR區(qū)設(shè)置兩級(jí)工藝,池體中間設(shè)置攔截篩網(wǎng),將懸浮載體固定于各池體內(nèi)。MBBR區(qū)懸浮載體填充率為40%,所投加懸浮載體類(lèi)型為SPR-III型,材質(zhì)為高密度聚乙烯(HDPE),載體直徑25±0.5mm,高10±1mm,有效比表面積大于800m2/m3,附著生物膜后比重與水接近,符合《水處理用高密度聚乙烯懸浮載體填料(CJ/T461-2014》行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8]。MBBR區(qū)設(shè)置穿孔曝氣保證懸浮載體的流化與供氧,設(shè)計(jì)氣水比1.5。
改造前后水廠主要工藝流程和設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)出水水質(zhì)分別如圖1和表1所示。其中,對(duì)于氨氮處理要求與進(jìn)水水質(zhì)相關(guān),當(dāng)進(jìn)水氨氮≥6mg/L,需滿足系統(tǒng)氨氮去除量>5mg/L;進(jìn)水氨氮為3-6mg/L時(shí),系統(tǒng)氨氮去除率需≥84%;進(jìn)水氨氮<3mg/L時(shí),要求出水氨氮≤0.5mg/L。