濾磚演進(jìn)歷史以及在工程應(yīng)用中的優(yōu)化
王敦寶
（達(dá)沃科環(huán)境（上海）有限公司，上海）
摘要 隨著污水排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)逐步提高，污水處理的難度也逐漸提升，對二級生物處理工藝穩(wěn)定性的考驗(yàn)日漸加劇，導(dǎo)致很多水廠開始考慮增加三級處理工藝來提高出水的穩(wěn)定性，而眾多三級處理工藝中，各種濾池歷經(jīng)時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)占有一席之地。濾磚作為濾池的核心組件，相較于濾板濾頭等其它種類的承托/布水布?xì)庋b置，具有一系列天然優(yōu)勢。本文簡要介紹了濾磚的演化歷史，對比了不同時(shí)期濾磚結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的區(qū)別，總結(jié)了濾磚隨著新材料的應(yīng)用以及工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累而產(chǎn)生的變化。本文可以為濾磚的選型和創(chuàng)新提供參考。
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Evolution History of Underdrain Blocks and Optimization in Engineering Applications
Wang, Dun bao
(Davco Environment (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai)
Abstract With the gradual improvement of sewage discharge standards, the difficulty of sewage treatment has gradually increased, and the test of the stability of the secondary biological treatment process has become increasingly intensified. As a result, many water plants have begun to consider adding tertiary treatment processes to improve the stability of the effluent, and many tertiary treatment processes have become increasingly difficult. In the first-level treatment process, various filters have a place that has stood the test of time. As the core component of the filter, filter bricks have a series of natural advantages compared to other types of support/water and gas distribution devices such as filter plates and filter heads. This article briefly introduces the evolution history of filter bricks, compares the differences in structural design of filter bricks in different periods, and summarizes the changes in filter bricks with the application of new materials and the accumulation of engineering experience. This article can provide reference for the selection and innovation of filter bricks.
Keywords filter, underdrain block, disc type, S-type, water and gas distribution.
1. 背景
伴隨第二次工業(yè)革命的到來，各行各業(yè)飛速發(fā)展，與此同時(shí)產(chǎn)生的水污染問題逐漸被人們所重視。20世紀(jì)中葉開始，反硝化濾池作為脫氮反應(yīng)器從美國興起，因其具有經(jīng)濟(jì)性、穩(wěn)定性、高效率的特點(diǎn)廣受推崇。時(shí)至今日，在技術(shù)革新的推動(dòng)下產(chǎn)品也完成了一次次的迭代。從系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)到硬件設(shè)計(jì)，每一環(huán)都深刻影響著濾池的好與壞。今天給大家介紹的是反硝化深床濾池系統(tǒng)核心模塊之一：濾磚。
2. 內(nèi)充混凝土濾磚的演變
以濾池結(jié)構(gòu)為例分析，濾磚鋪設(shè)于池底，其上方為承托層及濾料層，這對濾磚的承重性能提出了較高的要求。早期濾磚以混凝土澆筑或燒制為主，制作時(shí)對誤差的控制有限，因此良品率較低；運(yùn)輸過程中發(fā)生磕碰等也會(huì)影響交付，以至于要保有備件從而增加成本。20世紀(jì)90年代濾磚被套上外殼，雖然濾磚之間沒有互鎖穩(wěn)定裝置，但其薄殼結(jié)構(gòu)仍起到承重與圍護(hù)作用。后來的改良濾磚在長邊側(cè)加上互鎖卡扣并沿用至今。
