城鎮(zhèn)化水平衡效應與城市水安全韌性提升研究
- 城鎮(zhèn)化水平衡效應與城市水安全韌性提升研究
Water Balance Effect of Urbanization and Countermeasures for Enhancing Urban Water Security Resilience
- Qingfang Hu 1, 2, 3 ,
- Jianyun Zhang 1, 2, 3 ,
- Junliang Jin 1, 2, 3 ,
- Xiumin Chen 4 ,
- Xing Su 1, 2
摘要
我國快速城鎮(zhèn)化進程與全球氣候變化影響疊加,對城市及毗鄰區(qū)的水平衡狀態(tài)產(chǎn)生了直接且重要的影響,帶來了洪澇災害、水資源短缺、水環(huán)境污染等城市水問題,威脅著城市健康發(fā)展和社會公共安全。本文從降水、蒸散發(fā)、地表徑流、地下水、水質(zhì)、水資源供需平衡6個方面出發(fā),較為全面地闡述了快速城鎮(zhèn)化帶來的水平衡綜合效應;基于城鎮(zhèn)化進程中城市水安全風險分析,提出了“以水定城、量水發(fā)展,系統(tǒng)治理、統(tǒng)籌協(xié)同,主動適應、平戰(zhàn)結合,科技引領、創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動”的總體思路和相應的發(fā)展策略。研究認為,前瞻研判城市水安全風險、實施風險科學評估和有效預防,優(yōu)化城市開發(fā)利用方式、促進城市精明增長,強化城市與流域統(tǒng)籌治理、提升城市水系統(tǒng)承載力,應對超標準氣象水文事件沖擊、提升應急管理能力,推進城市水安全風險社會化管理、增強適應和恢復能力,依托科技創(chuàng)新突破城市水安全保障重大關鍵問題,據(jù)此全面提升城市水安全韌性。
Abstract
Over the past four decades, the rapid urbanization process in China, coupled with the impact of global climate change, has significantly affected the water balance in urban areas and their adjacent regions. This has led to prominent urban water issues such as floods, water scarcity, and water pollution, posing severe threats to the healthy development of cities. To address this, this study elaborates on the comprehensive effects of urbanization on water balance from six aspects: precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, groundwater, water quality, and water supply-demand balance. It analyzes the risks and challenges faced by urban water security in China under a changing environment and proposes basic principles, main ideas, and key strategies for achieving a healthy urban water balance and enhancing urban water security resilience. The study argues that to promote China's new urbanization, we should adhere to the principle of developing cities based on water availability and planning development according to water resources, proactively assess urban water security risks and their evolutionary trends, and strengthen proactive risk prevention. Additionally, it is necessary to actively optimize urban development and utilization patterns to promote smart urban growth, and strengthen coordinated governance of urban and watershed water issues to enhance the carrying capacity of urban water systems. Efforts should also be made to significantly improve urban emergency management capabilities to effectively respond to the impact of extreme meteorological and hydrological events, and actively promote the socialized management of urban water security risks to enhance adaptability and resilience. Finally, it is crucial to accelerate the resolution of key scientific and technological challenges in the field of urban water security.
關鍵詞
城市水平衡 / 新型城鎮(zhèn)化 / 水安全 / 韌性提升 / 極端事件 / 以水定城
Keywords
urban water balance / new-type urbanization / water security / resilience enhancement / extreme events / city planning based on water availability
引用本文
一 前言
二 城鎮(zhèn)化的水平衡綜合效應
(一) 城鎮(zhèn)化降水效應
(二) 城鎮(zhèn)化蒸散發(fā)效應
(三) 城鎮(zhèn)化徑流效應
(四) 城鎮(zhèn)化地下水效應
(五) 城鎮(zhèn)化水質(zhì)效應
(六) 城鎮(zhèn)化的水資源供需平衡效應
三 城鎮(zhèn)化進程中的城市水安全風險
(一) 極端暴雨洪澇事件威脅持續(xù)且外溢效應增強
(二) 大中型城市水量和水質(zhì)型缺水風險并存
(三) 城市新污染物的環(huán)境健康風險顯現(xiàn)
四 城市水安全韌性提升策略
(一) 總體思路
(二) 主要策略
1 前瞻研判城市水安全風險,實施風險科學評估和有效預防
2 優(yōu)化城市開發(fā)利用方式,促進城市精明增長
3 強化城市與流域統(tǒng)籌治理,提升城市水系統(tǒng)承載力
4 應對超標準氣象水文事件沖擊,提升應急管理能力
5 推進城市水安全風險社會化管理,增強適應和恢復能力
6 依托科技創(chuàng)新突破城市水安全保障重大關鍵問題
五 結語
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