我國城鄉(xiāng)多源有機(jī)固廢資源化利用研究
Resource Recycling of Multi-source Organic Solid Wastes in Urban and Rural Areas of China
摘要
城鄉(xiāng)多源有機(jī)固體廢棄物(固廢)資源化利用是“無廢城市”建設(shè)、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要依托,“雙碳”目標(biāo)的提出也對城鄉(xiāng)多源有機(jī)固廢資源化利用提出了新的更高要求。本文從生活垃圾、污水廠污泥、農(nóng)業(yè)有機(jī)固廢3個方面出發(fā),梳理了我國城鄉(xiāng)多源有機(jī)固廢資源化利用的基本進(jìn)展,凝練出城鄉(xiāng)多源有機(jī)固廢資源化利用在總體規(guī)劃與頂層設(shè)計、協(xié)作管理與費(fèi)用機(jī)制、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新及轉(zhuǎn)化等方面存在的突出問題,提出了以生物處理為核心的多源協(xié)同資源化、以熱化學(xué)處理為核心的多源協(xié)同安全處置、多源有機(jī)固廢集約化/園區(qū)化協(xié)同處置等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)路徑。研究建議,系統(tǒng)謀劃面向減污降碳雙重目標(biāo)的中長期總體規(guī)劃和頂層設(shè)計,加強(qiáng)多學(xué)科交叉與“產(chǎn)學(xué)研用”協(xié)同以推動關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用與產(chǎn)業(yè)升級,健全制度體系并建立跨部門協(xié)作的管理體制和市場化的價格機(jī)制,以此縱深推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)多源有機(jī)固廢資源化利用。
Abstract
The resource recycling of organic solid wastes in urban and rural areas is crucial for the development of waste-free cities and a circular economy. The carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals proposed by China also impose new and higher requirements for the resource recycling of these multi-source organic solid wastes in urban and rural areas. This study summarizes the basic progress of the resource recycling of multi-source organic solid wastes in urban and rural areas in China from the perspectives of household wastes, sewage sludge, and agricultural wastes, and identifies the prominent problems in overall planning and top-level design, collaborative management and cost mechanism, as well as technological innovation and transformation. Moreover, it proposes three key technical paths for the resource recycling, including multi-source collaborative recycling centered on biological treatment, multi-source collaborative safe disposal centered on thermochemical treatment, and intensive/park-based collaborative disposal of multi-source organic wastes. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed: forming the medium- and long-term overall planning and top-level design for pollution and carbon reduction, strengthening interdisciplinary integration and industry‒university‒research‒application collaboration, and improving the institutional system by establishing a cross-departmental collaborative management system and a market-based pricing mechanism to promote the innovative application of key core technologies and industrial upgrading.
關(guān)鍵詞
城鄉(xiāng)多源有機(jī)固廢 / 資源化 / 減污降碳 / 技術(shù)路徑 / 園區(qū)化
Keywords
multi-source organic solid wastes in urban and rural areas / resource recycling / reduction of pollution and carbon emissions / technical path / park planning
引用本文
一 前言
二 我國城鄉(xiāng)多源有機(jī)固廢資源化利用現(xiàn)狀
(一) 生活垃圾產(chǎn)生量與處理處置現(xiàn)狀
(二) 污水廠污泥產(chǎn)生量與處理處置現(xiàn)狀
(三) 農(nóng)業(yè)有機(jī)固廢產(chǎn)生量與處理處置現(xiàn)狀
三 我國城鄉(xiāng)多源有機(jī)固廢資源化利用存在的突出問題
(一) 有機(jī)固廢處理處置與碳減排、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)融合統(tǒng)籌不足,總體規(guī)劃與頂層設(shè)計缺乏
(二) 跨部門協(xié)作管理機(jī)制和費(fèi)用機(jī)制不完善
(三) 關(guān)鍵技術(shù)創(chuàng)新及轉(zhuǎn)化不足
四 我國城鄉(xiāng)多源有機(jī)固廢資源化利用的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)路徑
(一) 以生物處理為核心的多源有機(jī)固廢協(xié)同資源化技術(shù)路徑
(二) 以熱化學(xué)處理為核心的城鄉(xiāng)多源有機(jī)固廢協(xié)同安全處置技術(shù)路徑
(三) 城鄉(xiāng)多源有機(jī)固廢集約化/園區(qū)化協(xié)同處置技術(shù)路徑
五 我國城鄉(xiāng)多源有機(jī)固廢資源化利用的政策建議
(一) 系統(tǒng)謀劃面向減污降碳雙重目標(biāo)的中長期總體規(guī)劃和頂層設(shè)計
(二) 加強(qiáng)多學(xué)科交叉與“產(chǎn)學(xué)研用”協(xié)同,推動關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用與產(chǎn)業(yè)升級
(三) 健全制度體系,建立跨部門協(xié)作的管理體制和市場化的價格機(jī)制
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